Treatments

Bacterial, fungal, or viral infections affecting the eye's clear dome.

The cornea, the transparent dome at the front of your eye, plays a vital role in vision. It acts as a protective barrier, shielding the inner structures of your eye from dust, debris, and germs. Unfortunately, the cornea can become susceptible to infections caused by various microorganisms.

Causes of Corneal Infections:

• Bacteria: This is the most common cause of corneal infections. Bacteria can enter the eye through a scratch, injury, while wearing contact lenses, or from contaminated eye solutions.
• Viruses: Herpes simplex virus is a common culprit, causing recurrent infections that can damage the cornea.
• Fungi: Fungal infections are less frequent but can be severe, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems or those who have sustained a corneal injury involving plant material.
• Parasites: Acanthamoeba keratitis is a rare parasitic infection that can occur in contact lens wearers, especially those who use homemade cleaning solutions.

Symptoms of Corneal Infections:

• Severe eye pain and discomfort
• Redness in the eye (bloodshot)
• Blurry or hazy vision
• Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
• Increased watering or discharge from the eye
• Feeling like something is stuck in your eye
• White spot or ulcer on the cornea (in some cases)

Importance of Early Diagnosis and Treatment:

Corneal infections are a medical emergency. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent vision loss or scarring of the cornea. If you experience any symptoms suggestive of a corneal infection, see an ophthalmologist (eye doctor) immediately.

Diagnosis of Corneal Infections:

Your ophthalmologist will perform a comprehensive eye exam, including a visual acuity test, slit-lamp examination (a high-powered microscope to examine the cornea in detail), and possibly a corneal scraping to collect a sample for laboratory analysis to identify the causative organism.

Treatment of Corneal Infections:

Treatment for corneal infections depends on the type of organism causing the infection. Here's a general overview:

• Antibiotics: Topical antibiotic eye drops or ointments are the mainstay of treatment for bacterial infections.
• Antiviral medications: Oral or topical antiviral medications are used to treat herpes simplex keratitis.
• Antifungal medications: Antifungal eye drops or oral medications are prescribed for fungal infections.
• Antiparasitic medications: Prescription medications are used to treat Acanthamoeba keratitis.

In severe cases, hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics or other medications might be necessary.

Preventing Corneal Infections:

• Practice good contact lens hygiene: Clean and disinfect your lenses as directed by your eye doctor, and replace them regularly.
• Never wear your contact lenses while swimming or showering.
• Avoid touching your eyes with unwashed hands.
• Use eye protection when working in dusty or dirty environments.
• Don't share eye makeup or eye drops with others.
• Wear sunglasses to protect your eyes from UV rays.
• Maintain good overall health and a balanced diet to support your immune system.

By following these preventive measures and seeking prompt medical attention if you suspect a corneal infection, you can help safeguard your vision and maintain healthy eyes.